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Formation of Karsts

       China’s modern Karsts develop on the basis of the quasi-plain after the Yanshan Movement. In the Peleogene period, it was tropical climate in the south of China and the peaks began to grow while subtropical in the north of China. Thus, there remain hills and depression landforms in the mountains of Shanxi Province and the southern section of Taihang Mountains. However, it was dessert in both south and north of The Long River at that time, where Karsts developed worse than other sections. As in the Neogene period, monsoon climate has been formed so that set the foundation of modern Karsts zones. It is possible for the southern China to keep hot and wet, middle China to keep wet, which motives the development of Karsts. Especially in the Quaternary period, the crust rose rapidly as the Karsts grew fast and the types became various. Karsts took place by turn of the ice age and interglacial period. And the climate zone changed frequently. While in the alternative change of climate, the climate zone gradually moved south. The tropical peaks reach Nanling and Miaoling in the North China, as northern as Latitude 25°40′and as southern as around Latitude 26°in Guizhou. This boundary is Latitude 3 to 4°northerner than the one nowadays. Thus, it can prove that the tropical peaks did not come into being in modern times. Karsts landforms vary from each ones, though both the rainfalls and temperature decline to the north gradually. This is due to the influences of the glacial and interglacial climate. During the interglacial period it is blazing and there is much rainfall in China, which is good for the development of Karsts. While there is less rainfall during the glacial period so that the development and growing of Karsts is strongly inhibited. The northerner the Karsts locate, the less the climate affects. In the tropical peaks regions, nature possesses and maintains the condition for the development of the Karsts. However, the impacts get greater and greater as it stretches from the central part to the northeast. The intensity of Karsts draws down and the types get changed. In most part of northwest, it has been dry since the Tertiary Period, Karsts in the northwest almost did not grow.

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